HERSTORY: Voguing and Ball Culture



Inspired by the poses and perfect lines of the models found on the pages of Vogue, the dance which integrated angular, linear, and rigid arm, leg, and body movements began in Harlem during the 1960s. Voguing continually developed further as an established dance form and came to be practiced not only in the gay ballroom scene but also in clubs in major cities throughout the United States and can be seen even today.

Vogue was first danced by black drag queens who admired the rich and glamorous white women they saw strutting down Fifth Avenue and in magazines. The original category was called 'Poses, Poses and More Poses' where dancers would freeze while moving as if they were being photographed. The dance became a non-aggressive battle between two feuding individuals who would use dance, to settle differences and to bring pride to their houses. No touching was allowed during vogue challenges, even though dancers would often become intertwined in each other's extended arms, legs and hand moves. The voguer with the best dance moves was declared the winner of the battle.


Soon, voguing became not only a dance but a culture. For the LGBT communities in Harlem, creativity found its home in the ballroom culture.  Ballroom culture saw people group together in social circles, called houses.  These houses acted like families; in a society filled with individuals cast out of their homes for being perceived as moral abominations and living a life of taboo, the house system provided a support system to those in need and trained young newcomers how to compete in the ballroom. 

The houses  would "walk" against one another in balls which were judged on dance skills, costumes, appearance and attitude. There were several categories to compete in including Realness, Butch Queen, Executive, School boy/girl, Face and Body.  Such categories took on the characteristics of the heteronormative and classist society which they lived in and reclaimed them, providing an escape from the oppression which was prevalent for many.

Paris is Burning (1990), directed by Jennie Livingston, documented the lives of those in the New York Ball scene in the 1980s. Their monologues shed light on the ball culture as well as on their own personalities. In the film, titles such as "house," "mother," and "reading" emphasize how the subculture the film depicts has taken words from the straight and white worlds, and given them alternate meanings, just as the "houses" acted as families for their members. Livingston said of the film "it's about survival. It's about people who have a lot of prejudices against them and who have learned to survive with wit, dignity and energy. It's a little story about how we all survive."



Madonna brought vogue into the mainstream in 1990 with her song by the same name. Asking Jose and Luis Xtravaganza to choreograph the dance sequences for the music video, Madonna pushed voguing into mainstream culture. As interest in voguing spread, the popularity of the already critically-acclaimed Paris Is Burning skyrocketed.  

Meanwhile the focus of the ballroom scene shifted.  The ball culture has devoted itself to rebuilding its community in the wake of the AIDS crisis.  Even now, decades after the height of the crisis, voguing legends continue to be affected.  Most recently, Willi Ninja passed away at the age of 45 after a long battle with AIDS-related heart failure.  By forging a long-standing relationship with the Gay Men’s Health Crisis and various HIV/AIDS organizations, ballrooms have focused on providing sexual health and lifestyle education to young members of the LGBT+  community. 


Today's house ball scene features over 100 active "houses" in more than 13 cities across the country.  While every individual ball can often have dozens, sometimes even hundreds, of specific criteria, the categories are still organized around six major concepts: realness, face, sex and body, runway, performance and fashion.